Introduction to SQL
(Page 1 of 8 )
Today, we take a look at what SQL is and describe its major features and benefits. This is chapter one of McGraw-Hill/Osborne's SQL: The Complete Reference (ISBN 0-07-222559-9, 2004) by James R. Groff and Paul N. Weinberg.
The
SQL language and relational database systems based on it are one of the
most important foundation technologies in the computer industry. Over
the last two decades, SQL has grown from its first commercial use into
a computer product and services market segment worth tens of billions
of dollars per year, and SQL stands today as the standard computer database language. Literally hundreds of database products now support SQL, running on computer systems
from mainframes to personal computers and even handheld devices. An
official international SQL standard has been adopted and expanded
twice. Virtually every major enterprise software product relies on SQL
for its data management, and SQL is at the core of the database
products from Microsoft, Oracle, and IBM, the three largest software
companies in the world. SQL is also at the heart of open-source
database products that are helping to fuel the popularity of Linux and
the open-source movement. From its obscure beginnings as an IBM
research project, SQL has leaped to prominence as both an important
computer technology and a powerful market force.
What, exactly, is SQL? Why is it important? What can it do, and how does it work? If SQL is really a standard, why are there so many different versions and dialects? How do popular SQL products like SQL Server, Oracle, Informix, Sybase, and DB2 compare? How does SQL relate to Microsoft standards, such as ODBC and COM? How does JDBC link SQL to the world of Java and object technology? What role does it play in the emerging
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